Leading artists and highest price achieved - Europe, Latin America & Africa

Note: Prices are based on historical auction data up to September 2021. Prices have no doubt changed since then.

Top 20 Hispanic painters by the highest prices achieved for their artworks:

Rank Painter Highest Price Achieved Notable Works

1 Diego Rivera $9.76 million "The Rivals," "The Flower Carrier"

2 Frida Kahlo $8 million "Dos Desnudos en el Bosque"

3 Rufino Tamayo $7.2 million "Trovador," "Sandías"

4 Joan Miró $36.9 million "Peinture (Etoile Bleue)," "Tête"

5 Salvador Dalí $22.7 million "Portrait de Paul Eluard," "Christ of Saint John of the Cross"

6 Juan Gris $57.1 million "Nature Morte," "Le Livre"

7 Antoni Clavé $3.3 million "Composition"

8 Antonio López García $4.4 million "Gran Vía," "Madrid Desde Torres Blancas"

9 Javier Marin $1.7 million "Untitled"

10 Félix Vallotton $10.7 million "Le Retour de la Mer," "Nu à la Mer"

11 Fernando Botero $2.6 million "Dancers," "The Musician"

12 Wifredo Lam $5.24 million "A Trois Centimetres de la Terre"

13 Joaquín Sorolla $4.6 million "Walk on the Beach," "Sevillian Water Carrier"

14 Carmen Herrera $2.9 million "Blanco y Verde," "Amarillo Dos"

15 José Clemente Orozco $1.3 million "Prometheus"

16 Santiago Calatrava $1.5 million "The Medal of the Resistance"

17 Enrique Grau $1.6 million "Naturaleza Muerta"

18 Antoni Tapies $3.3 million "Gris i Terra"

19 Sorolla Y Bastida $4.8 million "Niños en la Playa," "Segadores"

20 Francisco Zúñiga $1.3 million "Madre e Hijo"

Top 20th-century European painters by the highest prices achieved for their artworks:

Rank Painter Highest Price Achieved Notable Works

1 Pablo Picasso $179.4 million "Les Femmes d'Alger," "Nude, Green Leaves and Bust"

2 Amedeo Modigliani $157.2 million "Nu Couché," "Portrait of Jeanne Hébuterne"

3 Francis Bacon $142.4 million "Three Studies of Lucian Freud," "Portrait of George Dyer in a Mirror"

4 Alberto Giacometti $141.3 million "L'Homme au doigt," "L'Homme qui marche I"

5 Claude Monet $110.7 million "Water Lilies," "Meules"

6 Vincent van Gogh $82.5 million "Portrait of Dr. Gachet," "Starry Night"

7 Lucian Freud $56.2 million "Benefits Supervisor Sleeping," "Three Studies of Lucian Freud"

8 Wassily Kandinsky $41.6 million "Studie zu Improvisation 3," "Composition VII"

9 Egon Schiele $40.1 million "Häuser mit bunter Wäsche," "Portrait of Wally"

10 Joan Miró $36.9 million "Peinture (Etoile Bleue)," "Tête"

11 Max Ernst $36.4 million "Le Triomphe de l'Amour," "Le Facteur Cheval"

12 Marc Chagall $31.5 million "Les Amoureux," "I and the Village"

13 Pierre-Auguste Renoir $26.4 million "Bal du moulin de la Galette," "Femme nue couchée"

14 Egon Schiele $24.3 million "Kneeling Nude with Raised Hands," "Self-Portrait with Physalis"

15 Kazimir Malevich $21.2 million "Black Square," "Suprematist Composition"

16 Kazuo Shiraga $17.1 million "Chijikusei Gotenrai," "Aka Ike"

17 Kees van Dongen $16.9 million "Femme au chapeau," "La Japonaise"

18 Kazuo Shiraga $16.6 million "Mandara," "Chikatsu Asuka"

19 Alberto Giacometti $15.3 million "Chariot," "Grande Femme IV"

20 Egon Schiele $15 million "Häuser mit bunter Wäsche," "Selbstporträt mit Lampionfrucht"

Top 20th-century North American painters by the highest prices achieved for their artworks:

Rank Painter Highest Price Achieved Notable Works

1 Jean-Michel Basquiat $110.5 million "Untitled," "Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump"

2 Willem de Kooning $66.3 million "Interchange," "Woman III"

3 Jackson Pollock $58.4 million "Number 17A," "Autumn Rhythm"

4 Mark Rothko $86.9 million "Orange, Red, Yellow," "No. 6 (Violet, Green, and Red)"

5 Andy Warhol $105.4 million "Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)," "Campbell's Soup Cans"

6 Edward Hopper $91.9 million "Nighthawks," "Automat"

7 Jasper Johns $36 million "Flag," "Target with Plaster Casts"

8 Cy Twombly $70.5 million "Untitled" series, "Leda and the Swan"

9 Robert Rauschenberg $88.8 million "Erased de Kooning Drawing," "Monogram"

10 Alexander Calder $25.9 million "Sandy's Butterfly," "Hanging Mobile"

11 Richard Diebenkorn $23.9 million "Ocean Park" series, "Berkeley No. 52"

12 David Hockney $90.3 million "Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures)," "A Bigger Splash"

13 Georgia O'Keeffe $44.4 million "Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1," "Black Iris"

14 Norman Rockwell $46 million "Saying Grace," "Freedom from Want"

15 Frank Stella $13.7 million "Jasper's Dilemma," "Delaware Crossing"

16 Rothko $87 million "Orange, Red, Yellow," "No. 6 (Violet, Green, and Red)"

17 Georgia O'Keeffe $44 million "Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1," "Black Iris"

18 Norman Rockwell $46.1 million "Saying Grace," "Freedom from Want"

19 Frank Stella $13.9 million "Jasper's Dilemma," "Delaware Crossing"

20 Clyfford Still $61.7 million "1949-A-No. 1," "PH-125"

While African artists have made significant contributions to the art world, it's important to note that African painters may not always be as prominently featured in international auction records as artists from other regions. However, here we provide a list of some African painters who have achieved recognition and notable prices for their artworks. Please note that these prices are based on historical auction data up to September 2021, and there may be newer developments in the art market. Here's a list of 20 African painters, along with some of their notable works:

Rank Painter Highest Price Achieved Notable Works

1 Ben Enwonwu $1.4 million "Tutu," "Negritude," "Drum Major"

2 El Anatsui $1.1 million "Gravity and Grace," "Man's Cloth"

3 Njideka Akunyili Crosby $3.1 million"Drown, "The Beautyful Ones"

4 William Kentridge $3.4 million "Felix in Exile," "The Refusal of Time"

5 Malick Sidibé $840,000 "Regarde-moi!," "Nuit de Noël"

6 Chéri Samba $512,000 "Femme-téléphone," "J'aime la Couleur"

7 Hassan El Glaoui $363,000 "The King's Birthday"

8 Ouattara Watts $200,000 "Black-Blue Men," "Des Indépendances"

9 Ablade Glover $170,000 "Market Scene," "Ancestral Rhythms"

10 Twins Seven-Seven $170,000 "Divine Faces," "Osun Festival"

11 Aboudia $75,000 "Ghana vs. Ivory Coast"

12 Skunder Boghossian $150,000 "African Cityscape," "Bird and Woman"

13 Bruce Onobrakpeya $40,000 "Children of Nigeria," "Warriors of Benin"

14 Pélagie Gbaguidi $20,000 "The Missing Link," "Portrait of Europe"

15 Esther Mahlangu $16,000 Ndebele-inspired artworks

16 Lalla Essaydi $40,000 "Les Femmes du Maroc," "Harem Revisited"

17 Kofi Agorsor $8,000 "Gathering I," "Sankofa"

18 Soly Cissé $12,000 "Freedom," "Wedding in the City"

19 Sokari Douglas Camp $11,000 "Britain in Africa," "Alunamda"

20 Malala Andrialavidrazana $6,000 "Figures," "Un-Forgetting Cities"